The founders and artistic directors Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser originally pursued the ideal of artistic integration of all areas in life in the sense of the Gesamtkunstwerk. This radical aspiration could only be realized in a few contemporary projects, which were commissioned primarily by patronage-minded upper-class citizens. Impressive examples of this are the Palais Stoclet in Brussels or the Villa Skywa-Primavesi in Vienna.